Essay on The Scientific Mystery of Dreams - 853 Words

Since the beginning of time, people have been trying to understand the different functions of the human body, how we move, talk, act, and for the most part many of these physiological behaviors have been explained on some level. However, one area of the human body that has had researchers and scientist confused for a long time is the mind. Many things go on inside the mind that don’t make sense and so far have no tangible explanation of why it occurs and how. One of the most fascinating and mysterious sections of psychology is that of dreaming. We dream thousands of dreams every night, but why and what do they mean? We spend one third of our lives sleeping and 15-20% of that time is spent dreaming. (1) Dreams are a sequence of images†¦show more content†¦This is a strange phenomenon that naturally happens to everyone, it’s just that some remember better than others. (4) The next two types of dreams are more known Dream interpretation has been around for a long time. There are many theories on why people dream. In ancient times dreams were believed to be direct messages from the gods or from the dead. During the Greek and Roman Era, people believed dreams forewarned and predicted the future so they would look into their dreams to choose a course of action to take, or figure out solutions. (3) Their belief of dreams was so influential that they would take dream interpreters to battles so they could help military leaders and generals plan strategic attacks. (3) In ancient Egypt dreams would hold a religious content and many were recorded in hieroglyphics. In the Chinese culture the use of alarm clocks is still viewed as leery. They believe that when one is asleep and dreaming one’s soul leaves the body and if one is awaken suddenly while dreaming their soul may not be able to find its way back to the body. (3) Some Mexican and Ancient cultures believe that their deceased ancestors lived in their dreams in different forms like plants and animals, so they viewed their dreams as way to communicate with their recent and ancient ancestors, to gather wisdom and knowledge that would serve them in their waking lives. (3) When we fall asleep our mind takes over and we enter the world of dreams but when exactlyShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein And Science : What Is The Purpose Of Science?1676 Words   |  7 Pagesof science that negated the need for mystery in nature. This fact downplayed the necessity of faith and reliance on God and emphasized the importance of logical, empirical evidence for the belief of anything and everything. Science becomes the ultimate vision of reality that Romantic writers oftentimes critique. 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Review of Literature - 663 Words

Health promotion is defined by Edelman as the â€Å"Intervention designed to improve health, such as providing adequate nutrition, a healthy environment, and ongoing health education†. Health promotion programs create behavioral changes that can lead to healthy behaviors by creating a positive and pleasant atmosphere (Camann). They also lower the overall healthcare costs by preventing the incidence of diseases, hospital stays as well as complications (Potter). Currently 20% of the population suffers from a chronic or acute illness, these people account for 80% of our health care costs (Potter). With an added emphasis on early health promotion at the primary care level we can lower these rates to less than 20%. With health promotion at the†¦show more content†¦These observations show where the greatest amount of health promotion is needed, as well as what aspects the patient will be compliant with. Nursing responsibilities are ever evolving and will continue to do so as more issues begin to develop and become discovered to treat and prevent. While nurse practitioners are meant to provide health promotion, health protection, disease prevention, anticipatory guidance, counseling, palliative and end of life care (Thomas). According to J. Thomas, health promotions are not always accomplished by Nurse Practitioners in the primary care setting. This can be due to the time consumption and impracticality of the situations. Research has found that only 60% of the time nurse practitioners are bringing up preventative services (Thomas). Nurse practitioners have a great capacity to perform health promotion as they are there to treat, educate, and prevent illnesses from occurring. The use of health promotion is the same throughout all levels of care but the implementation differs through the different levels. 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Essay of Kafkas The Trial Example For Students

Essay of Kafkas The Trial Imagine being so preoccupied with something that it slowly starts to take over ones daily routine. Now imagine that preoccupation becoming an infatuation, which then becomes an obsession. This series of events can lead any person to a mental lapse like K. , the protagonist in Kafkas The Trial. In The Trial, K. is forced to deal with a pending arrest throughout the entire novel. K. is now overwhelmed with a myriad of issues such as the infringement of human rights, the corruption of the court, and eventually his psychological collapse. In the beginning of K. s journey, the motif of violation of human rights becomes apparent through K. s loss of rights, as well as the warders. K. loses his right to be an individual and conforms into the courts desired vision of him. He also endures the added pressure of contemplating whether or not the court is fraudulent. Eventually, the courts need for him to conform leads to his obsession with his upcoming trial. Ultimately it becomes too much for K. to handle, and the result is his defeat. Throughout the beginning of the novel, the reader becomes overwhelmed with the fact that K. is preoccupied with what he is getting charged for. In this day and age the Miranda Rights force the arresting officers to declare what the suspect is being arrested for. However in The Trial, K. , the reader, and even the warders do not know what the accusation is. This is apparent when the warders conduct the original arrest by stating, We are not authorized to tell you that. Go to your room and wait there. Proceedings have been instituted against you and you will be informed of everything in due course (Kafka 3). K. s human rights are violated in this situation because the warders intrude in his personal property, as well as his abode. This proves to be a violation of privacy as well as an intrusion of space. K. addresses this in his court hearing: Some ten days ago I was arrested, in a manner that seems ridiculous even to myself, though that is immaterial at the moment. I was seized in bed before I could get up The room next to mine was requisitioned by two coarse warders These warders, moreover, were degenerate ruffians, they deafened my ears with their gabble, they tried to induce me to bribe them, they attempted to get my clothes and underclothes from me under dishonest pretexts, they asked me to give them money ostensibly to bring me some breakfast after they had brazenly eaten my own breakfast under my eyes. (Kafka 43) In the courtroom, K. wants to relive, and amplify the way the warders treated him. He strives to bring attention to the fallacies of how he was treated; however little does he know that these statements will backfire on him later. In The Trial, K. is not the only character to get mistreated, because the warders do also. This brings up the central irony of the plot. Because of K. s statements, the warders encounter The Whipper, who in turn violates their rights. He violates their rights because he commits physical assault and battery for a punishment. This occurs because of K. s statements in the court hearing. This is evident when one day at work K. curiously opens the lumbar room because he heard noises, only to find The Whipper and the two warders. One of the men, who was clearly in authority over the other two and took the eye first, was sheathed in a sort of dark leather garment holding a rod in his hand with which to beat them (Kafka 84). K. indirectly causes the pain and torture of two warders from his statements in the courtroom. Christopher's Trip to the Dentist EssayThis also reiterates the irony between the warders and K. because once again he is trying to be the savior for a situation in which he created. Furthermore, K. is now beginning to devote his whole time at work to the defense of his case. He had given his clerk instructions to admit no one, on the plea that he was occupied with an important piece of work The thought of his case never left him now (Kafka 113). On top of the ever-lingering thoughts of his case in general, he is now taking responsibility to formulate a defense. This is usually a task for a lawyer to do, however K. feels it necessary for him to take it upon himself: In this defense he would give a short account of his life, and when he came to an event of any importance explain for what reasons he had acted as he did, intimate whether he approved or condemned his way of action in any retrospect, and adduce grounds for the condemnation or approval. (Kafka 113) In the above quotation, K. is attempting to find a reason for him to be arrested by closely analyzing a series of events in his life. By K. doing this, he is starting to realize that he is giving up the fight. He is letting the trial consume his life, as well as his everyday routine. There is no escape from his prison now. He recognizes this when: Two men came to his lodging. In frock coats, pallid and plump with top hats that were apparently irremovable Without having been informed of their visit, K. was sitting also dressed in black in an armchair near the door, slowly pulling on a pair of new gloves that fitted tightly over the fingers, looking as if he were expecting guests. (Kafka 223) This quotation sums up K. s emotional downfall through the overwhelming symbolism. For example, K. dressing in black symbolizes the end of both the lingering trial as well as acknowledging his death. Also, it is bizarre that K. does not expect visitors, yet waits so intently near the door, putting on his new gloves before he knows he is going outside. This represents the overwhelming presence of his case because K. is assuming the outcome of the situation. This confirms that K. has become wholeheartedly obsessed with his trial because he is devoting a year to not die for it. Kafka takes the readers, as well as K. , on an absolute whirlwind throughout the novel. K. s downfall is expressed by showing the three separate stages of his preoccupation, his infatuation, as well as his obsession with his arrest. This is shown throughout the year through a series of events such as the mistreatment of human beings, the corruptness and disorganized court, as well as K. s need to have complete and utter control over his case. There were plenty of questions left unanswered throughout The Trial, however the only one that was answered was the fate of K.

Tesco Case Study with Questions Essay Example

Tesco Case Study with Questions Essay Tesco, well known as Britain’s leading food retail group with a presence also in Europe and Asia has also been a pioneer online. As this Tesco. com case study shows, retailer Tesco is generally recognized as the worlds largest online grocer and it has an annual turnover of ? 1 billion online in the UK and has launched in other countries, internationally and is diversifying into non-food categories. http://www. tescocorporate. com/plc/ In 2006/7, Tesco. com sales were reported to be sales up 29. %, profit (pre-Direct start-up costs) up 48. 5%; †¢More details on online sales and non-food sales details are also provided in the main www. tescoplc. com/plc/ Today the tesco. com model operates in the UK, the Republic of Ireland and South Korea. Online grocery sales have exceeded ? 1 billion for the first time in the UK alone. We have an active customer base of 850,000 and more than 250,000 orders are now being completed each week. In the UK, nearly 1,860 vans operate out of 294 stores. In our Newcastle store our service is so popular that there are now 18 vans delivering to local customers. Drivers deliver between 9am and 11pm, and our staff start picking our customers’ orders from 6am. A record-breaking 1. 3 million shoppers chose tesco. com to deliver their presents and groceries over Christmas, and to make sure that these were all picked successfully, our staff started picking even earlier, at 4am. Tesco. com have around 9,000 pickers, the majority in existing stores, but one specific delivery store has been opened in Croydon. ttp://www. theregister. co. uk/2006/01/17/tesco_mobile_xmas/ 1. Sales at Tesco. com, the UK market leader in home shopping, rose by 32% year-on-year, but they still only represent over 3% of its UK sales of ? 32. 7bn! Tesco said it had 750,000 regular customers and 200,000 orders a week online giving a total turnover approaching ? 1 billion Update Tesco Direct launched Read http://www. internetretailer. com/2006/10/06/u-k-s-tesco-l aunches-tesco-direct-for-non-food-online-sales In 2006, Tesco launched Tesco Direct to rival catalogue retailers such as Argos. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over 8,000 products will be available from beds and sofas through to kitchenware, electricals, cameras, bikes and golf clubs giving customers more products at great Tesco prices than they have ever had access to before. Customers can choose the product they want on a new website or from a new catalogue and then order in one of three ways: †¢On-line via the tesco. com website †¢By phone †¢In selected stores at the new Tesco Direct desks In the press release for this update it was reported that Tesco. com now has ? million regular grocery shoppers with over 200,000 orders per week and achieved over ? 1 billion in sales in 2005. Tesco Product ranges The Tesco. com site acts as a portal to most of Tescos products, including various non-food ranges (for example, Books, DVDs and Electrical items under the ‘Extra’ banner), Tesco Personal Finance and the telecoms businesses, as well as services offered in partnership with specialist companies, such as dieting clubs, flights and holidays, music downloads, gas, electricity and DVD rentals. It does not currently sell clothing online but in May 2005 it introduced a clothing website (www. clothingattesco. com), initially at to showcase Tescos clothing brands and link customers to their nearest store with this range. Tesco Competitors Tesco currently leads the UK’s other leading grocery retailers in terms of market share. This pattern is repeated online. The compilation below is from Hitwise (2005) and the figures in brackets show market share for traditional offline retail formats from the Taylor Nelson Softres Super Panel (see http://superpanel. tns-global. com). 1. Tesco Superstore, 27. 28% (29% of retail trade) 2. ASDA, 13. 36% 3. ASDA @t Home, 10. 13% (17. 1%) 4. Sainsburys, 8. 42% 5. Tesco Wine Warehouse, 8. 19% 6. Sainsburys to You, 5. 86% (15. 9%) 7. Waitrose. com, 3. 42% (3. 6%) 8. Ocado, 3. 2% (owned by Waitrose, 3. 6%) 9. Lidl, 2. 49% (1. 8%) 10. ALDI – UK, 2. 10% (2. 3%) †¢http://www. tesco. com/talkingtesco/oldDefault. asp Some companies are repeated since both their main site and the online shopping site are reported on separately. Asda. com now seems to be performing in a consistent manner online to its offline presence. However, Sainsburys online performance see ms to be significantly lower compared to its offline performance. Some providers such as Ocado which originally just operated within the London area have a strong local performance. Notably, some of Tesco. om competitors are absent from the Hitwise listing since their strategy has been to focus on retail formats. These are Morrisons (12. 5% retail share, Somerfield (5. 5%) and Co-op (5. 0%). Promotion of Tesco services As with other online retailers, Tesco. com relies on in-store advertising and marketing to the supermarkets Clubcard loyalty schemes customer base to persuade customers to shop online. NMA (2005) quotes Nigel Dodd, marketing director at Tesco. com as saying: ‘These are invaluable sources as we have such a strong customer base’. However, for non-food goods the supermarket does advertise online using keyword targeted ads. For existing customers, email marketing and direct mail marketing to provide special offers and promotions to customers is important. According to Humby (2003), e-retailer Tesco. com use what he describes as a ‘commitment-based segmentation’ or ‘loyalty ladder’ which is based on recency of purchase, frequency of purchase and value which is used to identify 6 lifecycle categories which are then further divided to target communications: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Logged-on† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cautionary† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Developing† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Established† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dedicated† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Logged-off† (the aim here is to winback) Tesco then use automated event-triggered messaging can be created to ncourage continued purchase. For example, Tesco. com have a touch strategy which includes a sequence of follow-up communications triggered after different events in the customer lifecycle. In the example given below, communications after event 1 are intended to achieve the objective of converting a web site visitor to action; communications after event 2 are intended to move the customer from a first time purchaser to a regular purchaser and for event 3 to reactivate lapsed purchasers. †¢Trigger event 1: Customer first registers on site (but does not buy). Auto-response (AR) 1: 2 days after registration e-mail sent offering phone assistance and ? 5 discount off first purchase to encourage trial. Trigger event 2: Customer first purchases online. †¢AR1: Immediate order confirmation †¢AR2: 5 days after purchase e-mail sent with link to online customer satisfaction survey asking about quality of service from driver and picker (e. g. item quality and substitutions). †¢AR3: Two-weeks after first purchase Direct mail offering tips on how to use service and ? 5 discount on next purchases intended to encourage re-use of online services. AR4: Generic monthly e-newsletter with online exclusive offers encouraging cross-selling †¢AR5: Bi-weekly alert with personalised offers for customer. †¢AR6: After 2 months ? 5 discount for next shop †¢AR7: Quarterly mailing of coupons encouraging repeat sales and cross-sales Trigger event 3: Customer does not purchase for an extended period †¢AR1: Dormancy detected – Reactivation e-mail with survey of how the customer is finding the service (to identify any problems) and a ? 5 incentive. †¢AR2: A further discount incentive is used in order to encourage continued usage to shop after the first shop after a break. Tesco’s online product strategy NMA (2005) ran a profile of Laura Wade-Gery CEO of Tesco. com since January 2004 which provides an interesting insight into how the business has run. In her first year, total sales were increased 24% to ? 719 million. Laura, is 40 years old, a keen athlete and has followed a varied career developing from a MA in History at Magdalen College, Oxford, an MBA from Insead; Manager and partner in Kleinwort Benson; Manager and senior consultant, Gemini Consulting; Targeted marketing director (Tesco Clubcard), and Group strategy irector, Tesco Stores. The growth overseen by Wade-Gery has been achieved through a combination of initiatives. Product range development is one key area. In early 2005, Tesco. com fulfilled 150,000 grocery orders a week but now also offers more intangible offerings, such as e-diets and music downloads. She has also focused on improving the customer experience online – the time it takes for a new customer to complete thei r first order has been decreased from over an hour to 35 minutes through usability work culminating in a major site revision. To support the business has it diversifies into new areas, Wade-Gery’s strategy was ‘to make home delivery part of the DNA of Tesco’ according to NMA (2005). She continues: ‘What we offer is delivery to your home of a Tesco service – its an obvious extension of the home-delivered groceries concept. ’ My May 2005, Tesco. com had 30,000 customers signed up for DVD rental, through partner Video Island (who run the rival Screenselect service). Over the next year, her target is to treble this total, while also extending home-delivery services to the likes of bulk wine and white goods. Wade-Gery looks to achieve synergy between the range of services offered. For example, its partnership with eDiets can be promoted through the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme, with mailings to 10m customers a year. In July 2004, Tesco. com Limited paid ? 2 million for the exclusive licence to eDiets. com in the UK and Ireland under the URLs www. eDietsUK. com and www. eDiets. ie. Through promoting these services through these URLs, Tesco can use the dieting business to grow use of the Tesco. com service and in-store sales. To help keep focus on home retail-delivery, Wade-Gery sold women’s portal iVillage (www. ivillage. co. uk) back to its US owners for an undisclosed sum in March 2004. She explained to NMA: ‘Its a very different sort of product to the other services that were embarking on. In my mind, we stand for providing services and products that you buy, which is slightly different to the world of providing information. ’ The implication is that there was insufficient revenue from ad sales on iVillage and insufficient opportunities to promote Tesco. om sales. However, iVillage was a useful learning experience in that there are some parallels with iVillage, such as message boards and community advisors. Wade-Gery is also director of Tesco Mobile, the joint ‘Pay-As-You-Go’ venture with O2 which is mainly serviced online, although promoted in-store and via direct mail. Tesco also offer broadband and dialup ISP services, but believe the market for Internet telephony ( provided through Skype and Vonage for example) is not sufficiently developed. Tesco. om have concentrated on more traditional services which have the demand, for example, Tesco Telecom fixed-line services attracted over a million customers in its first year. However, this is not to say, that Tesco. com will not invest in relatively new services. In November 2004, Tescos introduced a music download service and just six months later, she estimates they have around 10% market share – one of the benefits of launching relatively early. Again, there is synergy, this time with hardware sales. NMA (2005) reported that as MP3 players were unwrapped, sales went up – even on Christmas Day! She says: ‘The exciting thing about digital is where can you take it in the future. As the technology grows, well be able to turn Tesco. com into a digital download store of all sorts, rather than just music. Clearly, film [through video on demand] would be next. ’ But it has to be based firmly on analysis of customer demand. She says : ‘The number one thing for us is whether the product is something that customers are saying they want, has it reached a point where mass-market customers are interested? ’ There also has to be scope for simplification. NMA (2005) notes that Tesco is built on a core premise of convenience and value and Wade-Gery believes what its already done with mobile tariffs, broadband packages and music downloads are good examples of the retailers knack for streamlining propositions. She says: ‘Weve actually managed to get people joining broadband who have never even had a dial-up service’ Tesco case study sources: Humby (2003), NMA (2005), Hitwise (2005), Wikipedia (2005) Humby, C. and Hunt, T. (2003) Scoring points. How Tesco is Winning Customer Loyalty. Kogan Page, London, UK. Hitwise (2005) Press release: The top UK Grocery and Alcohol websites week ending October 1st, ranked by market share of web site visits, from Hitwise. co. uk. Press release available at www. hitwise. co. uk. Discussion Questions 1. Describe the major E-Commerce characteristics used by Tesco. 2. What are the advantages for Tesco becoming an E-Commerce organisation? 3. In what ways has Tesco managed to gain competitive advantage over it’s other stores? 4. How has E-Commerce facilitated customisation of products and services? . What competitive strategy has Tesco used and how successful is it? 6. After reading the case study list the success factors for Tesco. What might the threats be? Carry out a SWOT Analysis. 7. Why might customers like Web Based Purchasing? Is it becoming more of an option due to lower prices? 8. What promotion policies does Tesco implement? Are they successful? 9. What product strategy has Tesco implemented? 10. Is Tesco’s p roduct strategy successful give reasons for your answers? Please be ready to discuss the answers with your tutor.